Effects of cold water immersion after exercise on fatigue recovery and exercise performance--meta analysis

This is a meta-analysis pooling trials of post-exercise cold-water immersion in 357 healthy participants, so neither RoB 2 nor ROBINS-I is the appropriate instrument and no domain-level judgments are made for the synthesis itself. The key limitation, reported by the review authors, is the weak methodological quality of the underlying evidence: random allocation was described in only about four or five studies, allocation concealment was unclear, and blinding of participants and outcome assessors was present in only two studies, giving a high risk of performance and detection bias in the pooled estimates. The extracted evidence also gives no information on review-level safeguards such as protocol registration, duplicate screening, or publication-bias assessment.